MRI Aids Physicians in Diagnosing Early Liver Disease

T1 and T2 are physical parameters, which describe the ‘relaxivity’ of tissue in an induced magnetic field. The strong magnetic field in an MRI machine is used to excite water and fat molecules which – depending on their local environment – relax at different speeds. As they relax, they emit a signal, which is used to create the T1 and T2 MR images.

T2 is influenced by iron deposits, which act as small magnets, causing signal decay at a rate proportional to the iron concentration. Tissues with high iron typically have very small T2’s, whilst tissues with very low iron have high T2’s; it can therefore be used as a biomarker in the assessment of hepatic iron overload (hemosiderosis). T1 is influenced by the type and structural organization of a tissue; denser tissues such as fat have very low T1’s, whilst tissues with a high water content such as muscle and spleen have very high T1’s.

T1 is thus useful as a biomarker the assessment of myocardial fibrosis. But since more than 40% of liver disease patients have iron overload, T1 values are distorted, increasing the risk of misdiagnosis. The T2 image is thus used to correct for iron, producing a proprietary metric called cT1, which be used to identify and treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). LiverMultiScan was developed by Perspectum Diagnostics (Oxford, United Kingdom), and is marketed by Mirada Medical (Oxford, United Kingdom).

The Kids4LIFe consortium has been awarded a €1.1million grant to develop and validate LiverMultiScan specifically for patients under 16, which could save them from having to undergo biopsies. As part of the project, a cloud-based health data management system will be developed by the Polish telemedicine company Silvermedia (Krakow, Poland) which will allow rapid transfer of liver scans, as well as other health information and diagnostic test results, between local pediatricians and experts in other cities and countries.

“Liver biopsy is important for making diagnosis of various liver diseases and is frequently used in follow up to make decisions on therapy. We try to decrease indications for liver biopsy in children because it can cause complications and needs sedation and anesthesia,” said Professor Piotr Socha, of Children's Memorial Health Institute (Warsaw, Poland), where the clinical trial will be held.

Related Links:
Perspectum Diagnostics
Mirada Medical
Silvermedia