Localized Blood Pressure Measured with Ultrasound Scanner

Nathalie Bijnens, from the department of biomedical engineering at the Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e; Eindhoven, The Netherlands). “The usual method is to insert a catheter with a pressure sensor. But that’s an invasive procedure, and not suitable for preventive diagnostics. There’s also the traditional method using an inflatable arm cuff. But that doesn’t allow any conclusions to be drawn about, for example, the blood pressure in the carotid artery. In this method, the cuff is inflated until the blood flow in the arm is stopped, allowing the systolic and diastolic [maximum and minimum] values in the arm to be measured. That means you won’t find anyone willing to have the blood pressure in their neck measured using an inflatable cuff.”

The new technique uses ultrasound to provide patient-friendly blood pressure measurements at many points in the body. All that is required is to apply a small amount of gel so that the ultrasound scanner makes good contact with the skin. The key to the new technique is above all the sophisticated signal processing. The researchers are able to achieve good visualization of the blood flow and the blood vessel wall motion, from which the blood pressure can be derived, by means of a mathematical model. They can also see the variations in blood pressure and flow in time as a result of the beating of the heart. The simultaneous determination of pressure and flow also provides data about “downstream” regions of the vascular system. The new technique will allow physicians to carry out preventive investigations of the cardiovascular system, for example, and to monitor the development of diseases such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, or aneurysms.

The researchers published their results May 2011 in the journal Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. The method was first evaluated on elastic plastic tubes, and after that on pigs’ carotid arteries from an abattoir, with good results. The technique is currently being tested on volunteers, in advance of clinical tests with patients. The results are promising. It is still expected to take several years before the technique can be used in clinical practice, for example in family physicians’ offices, according to Dr. Bijnens. “By performing a simple scan, the physician can detect vascular disease in an early stage and decide for a preventive treatment.”

This new technique for measuring blood pressure is part of a new direction for the research group led by Prof. Frans van de Vosse. The group’s work focuses on making mathematical models of the vascular system. “For example we have developed a model to locate the best places to enter veins in the arms of dialysis patients,” said Prof. Van de Vosse. “But that model needs detailed input, which is why we decided to develop a measurement method ourselves.”

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